A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs over a wide area, such as multiple continents or the entire world, whereas an epidemic is an outbreak of disease that affects a disproportionately higher. Pandemic influenza is an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract. Epidemics and pandemics are both words used to describe a disease spreading through the population. Additional terms can be used to describe endemic diseases according to their frequency of occurrence. This openstax book is available for free at contentcol120871. The word pandemic is a greek word, with pan meaning all and demos meaning people. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected people such as. Diseases for which a larger than expected number of cases occurs in a short time within a geographic region are called epidemic diseases. Public health officials now know the spike in pneumonia cases there constituted an outbreak of a new type of coronavirus, now named. By contrast, a plague is not an epidemiologic term but one that refers specifically to a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, such as. For example, malaria is endemic to some regions of brazil, but is not endemic to the united states. Endemic disease definition of endemic disease by medical. Disease outbreaks can take the endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. Epidemic was preceded slightly by the nowobsolete epidemical which.
Distinguish the characteristics of sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases. Epidemic and pandemic diseases such as influenza, malaria, polio. An epidemic disease is a disease that spreads throughout a large portion of the world. A response will appear in the window below the question to let you know if you are correct. In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic from greek en in, within and demos people in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.
In some commonsource outbreaks, casepatients may have been exposed over a period of days, weeks, or longer. Chickenpox is an example of an endemic because it occurs at a high but predictable rate among children. Manual on investigation and management of epidemic prone diseases in ethiopia 3 endemic in a population at any frequency level, provided that it occurs with predictable regularity. Whos primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the united nations system. Endemic an endemic is an outbreak that occurs at a predictable rate in a particular population or area. To answer a question, click the button in front of your choice. Disease and epidemiology galileo open learning materials. Ex in a city x there were 400 cases of cholera in 2012. Sleep under long lasting insecticide treated nets llin in malaria endemic areas to. The epidemic curve of an intermittent commonsource outbreak often has a pattern reflecting the intermittent nature of. Were all aware that disease is an unwell state of the body caused by an external organism, such as a bacteria or virus contagious disease, or due to genetic factors, environmental reasons etc. Life after death experience nde with steve gardipee, vietnam war story one of the best ndes duration. Both terms come from the greek language, the word epidemic is derived from the prefix epi, which means upon or on top of, and the word demos, which means people.
In the event of new epidemics or pandemics, additional recommendations will be. Infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemicprone. A pandemic is when there is an outbreak that affects most of the world. Endemic definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Its origin, implications and treatments article pdf available in open journal of regenerative medicine 0902. Ebola virus, endemic to central and west africa, with fruit. First, the mathematical model for epidemic and endemic cholera is presented. Endemic definition of endemic by the free dictionary. In a continuous commonsource outbreak, the range of exposures and range of incubation periods tend to flatten and widen the peaks of the epidemic curve figure 1. Pdf an unprecedented disease outbreak in a certain geographical location is. What are the differences and similarities between an. These terms are commonly used in epidemiology to describe the. Every year, there are a few cases of malaria reported in the uk, but. But did you know that seasonal flu and pandemic flu are not the same.
Endemic definition of endemic by medical dictionary. If a disease or illness is endemic in a place, it is frequently found among the people. What is the difference between the terms endemic, epidemic. Pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. Pandemic influenza occurs when an influenza virus that was not previously circulating among people and to which most people have no immunity emerges and transmits among people. By contrast, a plague is not an epidemiologic term but one that refers specifically to a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, such as bubonic plague. Influenza is one of the worlds greatest infectious disease challenges. Many health issues provide stimulus for lessons in economics, privacy vs. Throughout history, there have been many pandemics, spreading infectious diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis.
Plague is a zoonotic disease with severe clinical presentations caused by the bacterium yersinia. Epidemic a disease is said to be epidemic if it occurs in a population in a place clearly more than the number of cases occurred in previous years. Both epidemic and endemic came into english around the beginning of the 17th century, and the words share the root greek demos, meaning population. Powerpoint presentation on the 1918 influenza pandemic. The 2009 h1n1 flu was considered a pandemic, rather than merely an ordinary seasonal flu epidemic because it spread quickly around the world, and it infected a lot more people than an. The prefix epi comes from the greek word meaning on, at, besides, after, and en from en, meaning in. Endemic persistent, usual,or expected healthrelated state or event in a defined population over a given period of time pandemic epidemic affecting a large number of. What is the difference between a pandemic, endemic and. When an epidemic crosses over into pandemic, the biggest difference is that more governments are involved in attempting to prevent the progression of the.
A pandemic from greek, pan, all and, demos, people is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. For instance, dengue, a lifethreatening disease, is spread by a specific type of mosquito and is endemic in over 100 countries. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A pandemic refers to a global epidemic one that has spread over several countries or continents affecting a large number of people. Influenza is a good example of a commonly epidemic disease. For example, chickenpox is endemic steady state in the uk, but malaria is not. The element dem in epidemic, endemic, and pandemic comes from the ancient greek word demos, which meant people or district.
Endemic means a disease that is native to a region. Rating is available when the video has been rented. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. Definitions chicken pox, an endemic disease, appearing on a skin surface. Endemic persistent, usual,or expected healthrelated state or event in a defined population over a given period of time pandemic epidemic affecting a large number of people, many countries, continents, or regions. Ed also refers to the usual prevalence of a given disease in an area or group endemic disease endemik di. This will prevent the spread of disease and epidemics. To understand the difference between the terms endemic, epidemic, and pandemic, one must first understand why these terms are used. Secondly, the proposed model is applied to three hypothetical communities to simulate cholera free, epidemic and endemic situations. None of these viral descendants, however, approaches the pathogenicity of the 1918 parent virus. Epidemics tend to be widespread and difficult to stop or control. Epidemics are different than endemics are normally. Financing pandemic preparedness at a national level world bank.
An infection is endemic when it affects a very specific and limited group of people and is constant and at a stable rate, an epidemic occurs when new cases of a certain disease in a given human population, during a given period, substantially exceed the normal rate, and a pandemic indicates a far higher number of people and a much larger region. A pandemic is the stage at which a disease moves from being a community concern, to a global threat. There are three types of outbreaks an endemic, epidemic, and pandemic. Prevalent in a particular locality, region, or population. Includes information on how the flu spread, who the flu affected, casualties, how society responded, and why the pandemic might have ended. A mental health response to infection outbreak sonepsyn. A pandemic refers to a global epidemic one that has spread over several countries or continents affecting a.
Investigation and management of epidemicprone diseases. In the field of public health, the words endemic, epidemic and pandemic all denote the spread of an infectious disease, but the extent of its spread differs for each. Pritish tosh adds, in epidemiologic terms, an outbreak refers to a number of cases that exceeds what would be expected. The who declared nigeria ebola free in october of 2014. Endemic us firearm injuries merit public health attention because they exact an ongoing toll, may give rise to new epidemic outbreaks, and can foster firearm injuries in other parts of the world. Epidemic means a disease is spreading through out a locale, but has not crossed a nations borders. Influenza flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu a and b viruses that infect the human respiratory tract.
There has been a transition in us firearm injuries from an epidemic phase mid1980s to early 1990s to an endemic one since the mid1990s. Whats the difference between pandemic, epidemic and outbreak. What is the difference between epidemic and endemic. Disease outbreaks can take the endemic, epidemic, or pandemic proportions depending on the intensity of the pathogen, its mode of transmission, herd immunity, and prevalence and incidence of the. The terms endemic and epidemic were coined by hippocrates, who distinguished between diseases that were always present in a given population, and diseases which used to occur during certain periods of an year or during certain years. More recent pandemics include the hivaids pandemic and the pandemic h1n1 influenza 2009, commonly known as swine flu. The terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic are often used to describe infections, although conditions such as hypertension, cancer. The terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic indicate how common a condition is at a point in time relative to how common it was at an earlier time the terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic are often used to describe infections, although conditions such as hypertension, cancer, violence, or even positive, beneficial behaviors can also be described the same way. Global pandemics and global public health international peace. A pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region. An endemic infection refers to an infection that is contained and habitually present in a given population. The distinction between epidemic and endemic was first drawn by hippocrates, to distinguish between diseases that are visited upon a population epidemic from those that reside within a population endemic.
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